Ashno-Verethian languages - Revision history

Rox at 10:04, 9 November 2025

2025-11-09T10:04:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:04, 9 November 2025
Line 29:		Line 29:

	All Ashno-Verethian languages are descended from a single ancestor language, linguistically reconstructed as [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian]], spoken sometime in the [[Human history\|Neolithic to Early Bronze Age]]. The geographical location where it was spoken, the [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian culture\|Ashno-Verethian homeland]], has been the object of many competing hypotheses; the common consensus supports the Shtigu hypothesis, which posits the homeland to be the [[Shtigu River]] basin in what is now [[Teshkasta]] and [[Menkhemon]]. By the time the first written records appeared, Ashno-Verethian had already evolved into numerous languages spoken across much of Etzavaz and Western Ashnan. Written evidence of Ashno-Verethian appeared during the late Iron Age in the form of Arthan. The [[Arthan alphabet]] is one of the oldest known writing systems across the [[Four Seas]] region, descending from [[Marphat script\|Marphat logograms]].		All Ashno-Verethian languages are descended from a single ancestor language, linguistically reconstructed as [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian]], spoken sometime in the [[Human history\|Neolithic to Early Bronze Age]]. The geographical location where it was spoken, the [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian culture\|Ashno-Verethian homeland]], has been the object of many competing hypotheses; the common consensus supports the Shtigu hypothesis, which posits the homeland to be the [[Shtigu River]] basin in what is now [[Teshkasta]] and [[Menkhemon]]. By the time the first written records appeared, Ashno-Verethian had already evolved into numerous languages spoken across much of Etzavaz and Western Ashnan. Written evidence of Ashno-Verethian appeared during the late Iron Age in the form of Arthan. The [[Arthan alphabet]] is one of the oldest known writing systems across the [[Four Seas]] region, descending from [[Marphat script\|Marphat logograms]].
		+
		+	==Classification==
		+	{{tree list}}
		+	* '''Ashno-Verethian'''
		+	** [[Verethian languages\|Verethian]]
		+	*** [[Eastern Verethian languages\|Eastern Verethian]]
		+	**** [[Dirhassian language\|Dirhassian]]
		+	**** [[Ezhepairi language\|Ezhepairi]]†
		+	**** [[Vordosi language\|Vordosi]]†
		+	**** [[Fashāsahi language\|Fashāsahi]]† (classification debated)
		+	*** [[Western Verethian languages\|Western Verethian]]
		+	**** [[Old High Hashdezi\|Hashdezic]]
		+	***** [[Hashdezi language\|Hashdezi]]
		+	***** [[Agisian language\|Agisian]]
		+	**** [[Vezdali language\|Vezdali]]
		+	**** [[Sydian language\|Sydian]]
		+	*** [[Southern Verethian languages\|Southern Verethian]]
		+	**** [[Talozhi language\|Talozhi]]
		+	**** [[Mesvadi language\|Mesvadi]]
		+	*** [[Cernian language\|Cernian]]
		+	**** [[East Cernian]]
		+	**** [[West Cernian]]
		+	** [[Ashno-Angkat languages\|Ashno-Angkat]]
		+	*** [[High Angkat language\|Angkat]]
		+	**** [[Erayi language\|Erayi]]
		+	***** [[Modern Standard Erayi]]
		+	***** [[Menkhemon Erayi]]
		+	***** [[Sakhasta Erayi]]
		+	***** [[Teshkasta Erayi]]
		+	***** [[Hehagho Erayi]]
		+	**** [[Sakhi language\|Sakhi]]
		+	*** [[Shoghashti language\|Shoghashti]]†
		+	** [[Arthan language\|Arthan]]†
		+	{{tree list/end}}
		+
		+	==History==
		+
		+	==Features==
		+	===Phonology===
		+	===Grammar===
		+	===Selected cognates===
		+	{\| class="wikitable"
		+	! [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian language\|Proto-Ashno-Verethian]]
		+	! [[Dirhassian language\|Dirhassian]]
		+	! [[Hashdezi language\|Hashdezi]]
		+	! [[Agisian language\|Agisian]]
		+	! [[Vezdali language\|Vezdali]]
		+	! [[Sydian language\|Sydian]]
		+	! [[Talozhi language\|Talozhi]]
		+	! [[Mesvadi language\|Mesvadi]]
		+	! [[Cernian language\|Cernian (East)]]
		+	! [[Erayi language\|Erayi]]
		+	! [[Shoghashti language\|Shoghashti]]
		+	! [[Arthan language\|Arthan]]
		+	\|-
		+	! ''*tʼiˀiʟat''<br>(cat)
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|ciiö}} (''cijö'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|cidds}} (''cidds'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|cigd}} (''cigd'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|tzei}} (''tzey'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|ciels}} (''ciels'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|cän}} (''cën'')
		+	\|
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|þíoal}} (''ṭiival'')
		+	\| ''tixos''
		+	\| ''tīγaδ''
		+	\| ''tíłath''
		+	\|-
		+	! ''*balVw-jəw''<br>(fire)
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|olź}} (''olź'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|ooadzos}} (''wadzos'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oadyz}} (''vadyz'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oäza}} (''væza'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oaluss}} (''valuss'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oaluź}} (''valuž'')
		+	\|
		+	\|
		+	\| n/a
		+	\| ''pažoyō''
		+	\| ''bałyâ''
		+	\|-
		+	! ''*pʰariˀVlətʰ-''<br>(food)
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oźals}} (''oźals'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oajt}} (''vajt'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oajät}} (''vajæt'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|fałzeða}} (''fallzeða'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oielðy}} (''vielðy'')
		+	\| X (''fařalyš'')
		+	\|
		+	\|
		+	\| ''polizidh''
		+	\| ''bazīžed''
		+	\| ''p'arílet'''
		+	\|}

	[[Category:Language families]]		[[Category:Language families]]

Rox at 08:57, 9 November 2025

2025-11-09T08:57:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:57, 9 November 2025
Line 2:		Line 2:
	\|name = Ashno-Verethian		\|name = Ashno-Verethian
	\|region = Pre-colonial era: Northern [[Etzavaz]] and Southern [[Ashnan]]<br/>		\|region = Pre-colonial era: Northern [[Etzavaz]] and Southern [[Ashnan]]<br/>
−	{{small\|~~{{circa\|200~~ million}} native speakers}}	+	{{small\|~400 million native speakers}}
	\|family = One of the world's primary [[List of language families\|language families]]		\|family = One of the world's primary [[List of language families\|language families]]
	\|familycolor = Ashno-Verethian		\|familycolor = Ashno-Verethian

Rox at 02:34, 5 November 2025

2025-11-05T02:34:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:34, 4 November 2025
Line 17:		Line 17:
	{{legend\|#FF6A00\|Ashno-Angkat}}		{{legend\|#FF6A00\|Ashno-Angkat}}
	{{legend\|#7469AE\|Cernian}}		{{legend\|#7469AE\|Cernian}}
−	{{legend\|#00A752\|~~Sarsahat~~}}	+	{{legend\|#00A752\|Eastern Verethian}}
	{{legend\|#0088AA\|Southern Verethian}}		{{legend\|#0088AA\|Southern Verethian}}
	{{legend\|#FFA700\|Western Verethian}}		{{legend\|#FFA700\|Western Verethian}}

Rox at 02:34, 5 November 2025

2025-11-05T02:34:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:34, 4 November 2025
Line 10:		Line 10:
	\|child2 = [[Ashno-Angkat languages\|Ashno-Angkat]]		\|child2 = [[Ashno-Angkat languages\|Ashno-Angkat]]
	\|child3 = [[Cernian language\|Cernian]] ([[Cernic languages\|Cernic]])		\|child3 = [[Cernian language\|Cernian]] ([[Cernic languages\|Cernic]])
−	\|child4 = [[~~Kholic~~ languages\|~~Kholic~~]]	+	\|child4 = [[Eastern Verethian languages\|Eastern Verethian]]
	\|child5 = [[Southern Verethian languages\|Southern Verethian]]		\|child5 = [[Southern Verethian languages\|Southern Verethian]]
	\|child6 = [[Western Verethian languages\|Western Verethian]]		\|child6 = [[Western Verethian languages\|Western Verethian]]
Line 17:		Line 17:
	{{legend\|#FF6A00\|Ashno-Angkat}}		{{legend\|#FF6A00\|Ashno-Angkat}}
	{{legend\|#7469AE\|Cernian}}		{{legend\|#7469AE\|Cernian}}
−	{{legend\|#00A752\|~~Kholic~~}}	+	{{legend\|#00A752\|Sarsahat}}
	{{legend\|#0088AA\|Southern Verethian}}		{{legend\|#0088AA\|Southern Verethian}}
	{{legend\|#FFA700\|Western Verethian}}		{{legend\|#FFA700\|Western Verethian}}
Line 24:		Line 24:
	}}		}}

−	The '''Ashno-Verethian languages''' are a [[List of language families\|language family]] native to the northern half of [[Etzavaz]] as well as the [[Eranosphere]]. Some languages of this family—namely [[Hashdezi language\|Hashdezi]]—have expanded through colonialism in the modern period and are now spoken across several continents. The Ashno-Verethian family is divided into several branches or sub-families, of which there are two main groups with languages still alive today: [[Ashno-Angkat languages\|Ashno-Angkat]] and [[Verethian languages\|Verethian]]; one branch, [[Arthan language\|Arthan]], is now extinct. The Verethian sub-family is further subdivided into four groups: [[Cernian language\|Cernian]], [[~~Kholic~~ languages\|~~Kholic~~]], [[Southern Verethian languages\|Southern Verethian]] and [[Western Verethian languages\|Western Verethian]].	+	The '''Ashno-Verethian languages''' are a [[List of language families\|language family]] native to the northern half of [[Etzavaz]] as well as the [[Eranosphere]]. Some languages of this family—namely [[Hashdezi language\|Hashdezi]]—have expanded through colonialism in the modern period and are now spoken across several continents. The Ashno-Verethian family is divided into several branches or sub-families, of which there are two main groups with languages still alive today: [[Ashno-Angkat languages\|Ashno-Angkat]] and [[Verethian languages\|Verethian]]; one branch, [[Arthan language\|Arthan]], is now extinct. The Verethian sub-family is further subdivided into four groups: [[Cernian language\|Cernian]], [[Eastern Verethian languages\|Eastern Verethian]], [[Southern Verethian languages\|Southern Verethian]] and [[Western Verethian languages\|Western Verethian]].

	Today, the individual Ashno-Verethian languages with the most native speakers are Erayi, Dirhassian and Hashdezi each with over 50 million native speakers; many others are small and in danger of extinction.		Today, the individual Ashno-Verethian languages with the most native speakers are Erayi, Dirhassian and Hashdezi each with over 50 million native speakers; many others are small and in danger of extinction.

Rox at 13:45, 27 August 2024

2024-08-27T13:45:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:45, 27 August 2024
Line 28:		Line 28:
	Today, the individual Ashno-Verethian languages with the most native speakers are Erayi, Dirhassian and Hashdezi each with over 50 million native speakers; many others are small and in danger of extinction.		Today, the individual Ashno-Verethian languages with the most native speakers are Erayi, Dirhassian and Hashdezi each with over 50 million native speakers; many others are small and in danger of extinction.

−	All Ashno-Verethian are descended from a single ancestor language, linguistically reconstructed as [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian]], spoken sometime in the [[Human history\|Neolithic to Early Bronze Age]]. The geographical location where it was spoken, the [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian culture\|Ashno-Verethian homeland]], has been the object of many competing hypotheses; the common consensus supports the Shtigu hypothesis, which posits the homeland to be the [[Shtigu River]] basin in what is now [[Teshkasta]] and [[Menkhemon]]. By the time the first written records appeared, Ashno-Verethian had already evolved into numerous languages spoken across much of Etzavaz and Western Ashnan. Written evidence of Ashno-Verethian appeared during the late Iron Age in the form of Arthan. The [[Arthan alphabet]] is one of the oldest known writing systems across the [[Four Seas]] region, descending from [[Marphat script\|Marphat logograms]].	+	All Ashno-Verethian languages are descended from a single ancestor language, linguistically reconstructed as [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian]], spoken sometime in the [[Human history\|Neolithic to Early Bronze Age]]. The geographical location where it was spoken, the [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian culture\|Ashno-Verethian homeland]], has been the object of many competing hypotheses; the common consensus supports the Shtigu hypothesis, which posits the homeland to be the [[Shtigu River]] basin in what is now [[Teshkasta]] and [[Menkhemon]]. By the time the first written records appeared, Ashno-Verethian had already evolved into numerous languages spoken across much of Etzavaz and Western Ashnan. Written evidence of Ashno-Verethian appeared during the late Iron Age in the form of Arthan. The [[Arthan alphabet]] is one of the oldest known writing systems across the [[Four Seas]] region, descending from [[Marphat script\|Marphat logograms]].

	[[Category:Language families]]		[[Category:Language families]]

Rox: Created page with "{{Infobox language family |name = Ashno-Verethian |region = Pre-colonial era: Northern Etzavaz and Southern Ashnan
{{small|{{circa|200 million}} native speakers}} |family = One of the world's primary language families |familycolor = Ashno-Verethian |protoname = Proto-Ashno-Verethian |children = |child1 = Arthan† |child2 = Ashno-Angkat lang..."

2024-02-25T21:17:12Z

Created page with "{{Infobox language family |name = Ashno-Verethian |region = Pre-colonial era: Northern Etzavaz and Southern Ashnan<br/> {{small|{{circa|200 million}} native speakers}} |family = One of the world's primary language families |familycolor = Ashno-Verethian |protoname = Proto-Ashno-Verethian |children = |child1 = Arthan† |child2 = Ashno-Angkat lang..."

New page

{{Infobox language family
|name = Ashno-Verethian
|region = Pre-colonial era: Northern [[Etzavaz]] and Southern [[Ashnan]]<br/>
{{small|{{circa|200 million}} native speakers}}
|family = One of the world's primary [[List of language families|language families]]
|familycolor = Ashno-Verethian
|protoname = [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian language|Proto-Ashno-Verethian]]
|children =
|child1 = [[Arthan language|Arthan]]†
|child2 = [[Ashno-Angkat languages|Ashno-Angkat]]
|child3 = [[Cernian language|Cernian]] ([[Cernic languages|Cernic]])
|child4 = [[Kholic languages|Kholic]]
|child5 = [[Southern Verethian languages|Southern Verethian]]
|child6 = [[Western Verethian languages|Western Verethian]]
|map = Verethianlanguages-branches.png
|mapcaption = Present-day distribution of Ashno-Verethian languages in Etzavaz and Ashnan:
{{legend|#FF6A00|Ashno-Angkat}}
{{legend|#7469AE|Cernian}}
{{legend|#00A752|Kholic}}
{{legend|#0088AA|Southern Verethian}}
{{legend|#FFA700|Western Verethian}}
|map2 = Verethianlanguages-status.png
|mapcaption2 = Countries where an Ashno-Verethian language {{legend|#397DB0|has official status}} {{legend|#4EBEE5|has co-official status}} {{legend|#4EBE9B|is recognized as a minority}}
}}

The '''Ashno-Verethian languages''' are a [[List of language families|language family]] native to the northern half of [[Etzavaz]] as well as the [[Eranosphere]]. Some languages of this family—namely [[Hashdezi language|Hashdezi]]—have expanded through colonialism in the modern period and are now spoken across several continents. The Ashno-Verethian family is divided into several branches or sub-families, of which there are two main groups with languages still alive today: [[Ashno-Angkat languages|Ashno-Angkat]] and [[Verethian languages|Verethian]]; one branch, [[Arthan language|Arthan]], is now extinct. The Verethian sub-family is further subdivided into four groups: [[Cernian language|Cernian]], [[Kholic languages|Kholic]], [[Southern Verethian languages|Southern Verethian]] and [[Western Verethian languages|Western Verethian]].

Today, the individual Ashno-Verethian languages with the most native speakers are Erayi, Dirhassian and Hashdezi each with over 50 million native speakers; many others are small and in danger of extinction.

All Ashno-Verethian are descended from a single ancestor language, linguistically reconstructed as [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian]], spoken sometime in the [[Human history|Neolithic to Early Bronze Age]]. The geographical location where it was spoken, the [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian culture|Ashno-Verethian homeland]], has been the object of many competing hypotheses; the common consensus supports the Shtigu hypothesis, which posits the homeland to be the [[Shtigu River]] basin in what is now [[Teshkasta]] and [[Menkhemon]]. By the time the first written records appeared, Ashno-Verethian had already evolved into numerous languages spoken across much of Etzavaz and Western Ashnan. Written evidence of Ashno-Verethian appeared during the late Iron Age in the form of Arthan. The [[Arthan alphabet]] is one of the oldest known writing systems across the [[Four Seas]] region, descending from [[Marphat script|Marphat logograms]].

[[Category:Language families]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:04, 9 November 2025
Line 29:		Line 29:

	All Ashno-Verethian languages are descended from a single ancestor language, linguistically reconstructed as [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian]], spoken sometime in the [[Human history\|Neolithic to Early Bronze Age]]. The geographical location where it was spoken, the [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian culture\|Ashno-Verethian homeland]], has been the object of many competing hypotheses; the common consensus supports the Shtigu hypothesis, which posits the homeland to be the [[Shtigu River]] basin in what is now [[Teshkasta]] and [[Menkhemon]]. By the time the first written records appeared, Ashno-Verethian had already evolved into numerous languages spoken across much of Etzavaz and Western Ashnan. Written evidence of Ashno-Verethian appeared during the late Iron Age in the form of Arthan. The [[Arthan alphabet]] is one of the oldest known writing systems across the [[Four Seas]] region, descending from [[Marphat script\|Marphat logograms]].		All Ashno-Verethian languages are descended from a single ancestor language, linguistically reconstructed as [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian]], spoken sometime in the [[Human history\|Neolithic to Early Bronze Age]]. The geographical location where it was spoken, the [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian culture\|Ashno-Verethian homeland]], has been the object of many competing hypotheses; the common consensus supports the Shtigu hypothesis, which posits the homeland to be the [[Shtigu River]] basin in what is now [[Teshkasta]] and [[Menkhemon]]. By the time the first written records appeared, Ashno-Verethian had already evolved into numerous languages spoken across much of Etzavaz and Western Ashnan. Written evidence of Ashno-Verethian appeared during the late Iron Age in the form of Arthan. The [[Arthan alphabet]] is one of the oldest known writing systems across the [[Four Seas]] region, descending from [[Marphat script\|Marphat logograms]].
		+
		+	==Classification==
		+	{{tree list}}
		+	* '''Ashno-Verethian'''
		+	** [[Verethian languages\|Verethian]]
		+	*** [[Eastern Verethian languages\|Eastern Verethian]]
		+	**** [[Dirhassian language\|Dirhassian]]
		+	**** [[Ezhepairi language\|Ezhepairi]]†
		+	**** [[Vordosi language\|Vordosi]]†
		+	**** [[Fashāsahi language\|Fashāsahi]]† (classification debated)
		+	*** [[Western Verethian languages\|Western Verethian]]
		+	**** [[Old High Hashdezi\|Hashdezic]]
		+	***** [[Hashdezi language\|Hashdezi]]
		+	***** [[Agisian language\|Agisian]]
		+	**** [[Vezdali language\|Vezdali]]
		+	**** [[Sydian language\|Sydian]]
		+	*** [[Southern Verethian languages\|Southern Verethian]]
		+	**** [[Talozhi language\|Talozhi]]
		+	**** [[Mesvadi language\|Mesvadi]]
		+	*** [[Cernian language\|Cernian]]
		+	**** [[East Cernian]]
		+	**** [[West Cernian]]
		+	** [[Ashno-Angkat languages\|Ashno-Angkat]]
		+	*** [[High Angkat language\|Angkat]]
		+	**** [[Erayi language\|Erayi]]
		+	***** [[Modern Standard Erayi]]
		+	***** [[Menkhemon Erayi]]
		+	***** [[Sakhasta Erayi]]
		+	***** [[Teshkasta Erayi]]
		+	***** [[Hehagho Erayi]]
		+	**** [[Sakhi language\|Sakhi]]
		+	*** [[Shoghashti language\|Shoghashti]]†
		+	** [[Arthan language\|Arthan]]†
		+	{{tree list/end}}
		+
		+	==History==
		+
		+	==Features==
		+	===Phonology===
		+	===Grammar===
		+	===Selected cognates===
		+	{\| class="wikitable"
		+	! [[Proto-Ashno-Verethian language\|Proto-Ashno-Verethian]]
		+	! [[Dirhassian language\|Dirhassian]]
		+	! [[Hashdezi language\|Hashdezi]]
		+	! [[Agisian language\|Agisian]]
		+	! [[Vezdali language\|Vezdali]]
		+	! [[Sydian language\|Sydian]]
		+	! [[Talozhi language\|Talozhi]]
		+	! [[Mesvadi language\|Mesvadi]]
		+	! [[Cernian language\|Cernian (East)]]
		+	! [[Erayi language\|Erayi]]
		+	! [[Shoghashti language\|Shoghashti]]
		+	! [[Arthan language\|Arthan]]
		+	\|-
		+	! ''*tʼiˀiʟat''<br>(cat)
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|ciiö}} (''cijö'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|cidds}} (''cidds'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|cigd}} (''cigd'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|tzei}} (''tzey'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|ciels}} (''ciels'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|cän}} (''cën'')
		+	\|
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|þíoal}} (''ṭiival'')
		+	\| ''tixos''
		+	\| ''tīγaδ''
		+	\| ''tíłath''
		+	\|-
		+	! ''*balVw-jəw''<br>(fire)
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|olź}} (''olź'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|ooadzos}} (''wadzos'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oadyz}} (''vadyz'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oäza}} (''væza'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oaluss}} (''valuss'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oaluź}} (''valuž'')
		+	\|
		+	\|
		+	\| n/a
		+	\| ''pažoyō''
		+	\| ''bałyâ''
		+	\|-
		+	! ''*pʰariˀVlətʰ-''<br>(food)
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oźals}} (''oźals'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oajt}} (''vajt'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oajät}} (''vajæt'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|fałzeða}} (''fallzeða'')
		+	\| {{cs\|vrt\|oielðy}} (''vielðy'')
		+	\| X (''fařalyš'')
		+	\|
		+	\|
		+	\| ''polizidh''
		+	\| ''bazīžed''
		+	\| ''p'arílet'''
		+	\|}

	[[Category:Language families]]		[[Category:Language families]]