Fuomi Language: Difference between revisions
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| − | {{Infobox language |
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| − | | name = Fuomi |
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| − | | nativename = Fuómî́' |
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| − | | pronunciation = /fu̯ɔ˨˩miʔ˦˥/ |
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| − | | states = a lot |
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| − | | ethnicity = |
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| − | | speakers = |
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| − | | date = |
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| − | | speakers2 = |
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| − | | familycolor = Morei |
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| − | | fam2 = Moraisic |
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| − | | fam3 = Feimiic |
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| − | | fam4 = |
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| − | | ancestor = Old Fuomi |
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| − | | script = [[Morèi script]], [[Jozunian script]] |
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| − | | nation = |
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| − | | minority = |
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| − | | agency = me |
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| − | | lingua = |
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| − | | map = |
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| − | | mapcaption = |
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| − | | map2 = |
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| − | | mapcaption2 = |
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| − | | glottorefname = |
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| − | }} |
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| − | |||
| − | '''Fuomi''' is the most widely spoken [[Morèi languages|Morèi language]], spoken natively in the central states such as [[Kute]], [[Dauta]] and [[Waiten]], and throughout the wider region as a lingua franca. It is notable among the Morèi languages for having developed a rich contour tone system. |
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| − | |||
| − | ==History== |
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| − | |||
| − | ==Varieties== |
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| − | |||
| − | ==Phonology== |
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| − | The following tables show the consonants, vowels and tones of Fuomi in the standardised Dauta dialect: |
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| − | |||
| − | ===Consonants=== |
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center |
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| − | |+ Fuomi Consonants |
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| − | !colspan=2| |
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| − | ![[Wikipedia:Labial consonant|Labial]] |
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| − | ![[Wikipedia:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] |
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| − | ![[Wikipedia:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] |
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| − | ![[Wikipedia:Velar consonant|Velar]] |
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| − | ![[Wikipedia:Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !colspan=2| [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] |
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| − | | m |
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| − | | n |
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| − | | |
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| − | | [ŋ] |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !rowspan=2| [[Wikipedia:Stop consonant|Stop]] |
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| − | ! {{small|[[Wikipedia:Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]}} |
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| − | | pʰ |
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| − | | tʰ |
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| − | | [tɕʰ] |
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| − | | kʰ |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | ! {{small|[[Wikipedia:Aspirated consonant|unaspirated]]}} |
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| − | | p |
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| − | | t |
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| − | | [tɕ] |
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| − | | k |
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| − | | ʔ |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] |
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| − | | f |
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| − | | s |
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| − | | [ɕ] |
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| − | | x |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Approximant consonant|Approximant]] |
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| − | | |
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| − | | ɹ |
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| − | | j |
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| − | | w |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | |} |
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| − | [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velar consonants; [tɕʰ] of /tʰ/ and /kʰ/, [tɕ] of /t/ and [ɕ] of /s/ and /h/ before /i/ or /j/. |
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| − | |||
| − | ===Vowels=== |
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| − | |||
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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| − | |+ Fuomi Vowels |
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| − | !colspan=2| |
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| − | ![[Wikipedia:Front vowel|Front]] |
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| − | ![[Wikipedia:Central vowel|Central]] |
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| − | ![[Wikipedia:Back vowel|Back]] |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]] |
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| − | | i |
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| − | | |
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| − | | u |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Mid vowel|Mid]] |
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| − | | |
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| − | | ə |
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| − | | ɔ |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]] |
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| − | | |
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| − | | a |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | |} |
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| − | In addition there are the opening diphthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/ and the closing diphthongs /ei̯/, /ai̯/, /au̯/ and /ou̯/. Sequences of /ə/, /i/, /i̯ə/ or /ei̯/ followed by /ɹ/ are realised as [ɚ]; such sequences with all other vowels and diphthongs as [a˞]. |
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| − | ===Tones=== |
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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| − | |+ Tones in Fuomi |
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| − | !Tone number |
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| − | !Description |
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| − | ![[Wikipedia: Tone letter|Tone letter]] |
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| − | !Example word |
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| − | !IPA |
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| − | !Meaning |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | 1 |
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| − | | Low |
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| − | | ˧ |
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| − | | ge |
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| − | | /kə˧/ |
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| − | | (prepositional marker) |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | 2 |
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| − | | High |
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| − | | ˥ |
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| − | | tâ' |
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| − | | /tʰaʔ˥/ |
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| − | | "citadel" |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | 3 |
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| − | | Low falling |
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| − | | ˨˩ |
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| − | | gèun |
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| − | | /kou̯n˨˩/ |
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| − | | "kill" |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | 4 |
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| − | | High falling |
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| − | | ˥˩ |
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| − | | kầi |
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| − | | /kʰai̯˥˩/ |
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| − | | "marriage" |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | 5 |
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| − | | Low rising |
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| − | | ˩˨ |
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| − | | géu' |
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| − | | /kou̯ʔ˩˨/ |
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| − | | "sorghum" |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | 6 |
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| − | | High rising |
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| − | | ˦˥ |
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| − | | Kû́' |
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| − | | /kʰuʔ˦˥/ |
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| − | | (a river) |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | 7 |
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| − | | Falling-rising |
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| − | | ˧˨˦ |
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| − | | kěu' |
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| − | | /kʰou̯ʔ˧˨˦/ |
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| − | | "asphalt" |
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| − | |} |
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| − | ===Tone sandhi=== |
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| − | lol, lmao |
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| − | ===Phonotactics=== |
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| − | The structure of the Fuomi syllable is CV(F), where V includes diphthongs and the category of final consonants F includes only /n/, /ɹ/ and /ʔ/. /w/ and /j/ do not occur in initial position before the opening diphthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/. |
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| − | |||
| − | ==Grammar== |
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| − | |||
| − | ==Vocabulary== |
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| − | ==Writing systems== |
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| − | The [[Morèi script]] has been used to write the Moraisic languages since 767 CE, adsfdjkljdjk |
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| − | Fuomi can also be written in the [[Jozunian script]], for reasons . The following table shows the correspondences between Dauta Fuomi sounds and the Roman and Jozunian orthographies. |
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;" |
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| − | !Consonant |
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| − | !Roman |
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| − | !Jozunian |
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| − | !Vowel |
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| − | !Roman |
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| − | !Jozunian |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | m |
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| − | | m |
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| − | | |
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| − | | a |
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| − | | a |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | n, [ŋ] |
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| − | | n |
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| − | | |
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| − | | ə |
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| − | | e |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | pʰ |
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| − | | p |
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| − | | |
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| − | | i |
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| − | | i |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | p |
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| − | | b |
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| − | | |
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| − | | ɔ |
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| − | | o |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | tʰ |
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| − | | t |
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| − | | |
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| − | | u |
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| − | | u |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | t |
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| − | | d |
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| − | | |
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| − | | i̯ə |
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| − | | ie, ye (word-initially) |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | [tɕʰ] |
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| − | | q |
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| − | | |
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| − | | u̯ɔ |
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| − | | uo, wo (word-initially) |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | [tɕ] |
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| − | | j |
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| − | | |
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| − | | ei̯ |
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| − | | ei |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | kʰ |
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| − | | k |
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| − | | |
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| − | | ai̯ |
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| − | | ai |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | k |
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| − | | g |
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| − | | |
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| − | | au̯ |
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| − | | au |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | ʔ |
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| − | | ' |
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| − | | |
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| − | | ou̯ |
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| − | | eu |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | f |
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| − | | f |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | s |
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| − | | s |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | [ɕ] |
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| − | | x |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | x |
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| − | | h |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | ɹ |
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| − | | r |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | j |
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| − | | y |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | w |
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| − | | w |
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| − | | |
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| − | |} |
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| − | In addition, the following diacritics are used to mark tone: |
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| − | (table) |
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| − | [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Morèi]] |
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