Fuomi language: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
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| name = Fuomi
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| nativename = Fuómî́'
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| pronunciation = /fu̯ɔ˨˩miʔ˦˥/
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| states = a lot
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| ethnicity =
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| speakers =
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| date =
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| speakers2 =
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| familycolor = Morei
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| fam2 = Moraisic
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| fam3 = Feimiic
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| fam4 =
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| ancestor = Old Fuomi
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| script = [[Morèi script]], [[Jozunian script]]
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| nation =
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| minority =
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| agency = me
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| lingua =
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| map =
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| mapcaption =
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| map2 =
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| mapcaption2 =
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| glottorefname =
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}}
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'''Fuomi''' is the most widely spoken [[Morèi languages|Morèi language]], spoken natively in the central states such as [[Kute]], [[Dauta]] and [[Waiten]], and throughout the wider region as a lingua franca. It is notable among the Morèi languages for having developed a rich contour tone system.
  +
  +
==History==
  +
  +
==Varieties==
  +
  +
==Phonology==
  +
  +
The following tables show the consonants, vowels and tones of Fuomi in the standardised Dauta dialect:
  +
  +
===Consonants===
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{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
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|+ Fuomi Consonants
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!colspan=2|
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![[Wikipedia:Labial consonant|Labial]]
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![[Wikipedia:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
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![[Wikipedia:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
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![[Wikipedia:Velar consonant|Velar]]
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![[Wikipedia:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
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|-
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!colspan=2| [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
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| m
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| n
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|
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| [ŋ]
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|
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|-
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!rowspan=2| [[Wikipedia:Stop consonant|Stop]]
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! {{small|[[Wikipedia:Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]}}
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| pʰ
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| tʰ
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| [tɕʰ]
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| kʰ
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|
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|-
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! {{small|[[Wikipedia:Aspirated consonant|unaspirated]]}}
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| p
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| t
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| [tɕ]
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| k
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| ʔ
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|-
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!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
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| f
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| s
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| [ɕ]
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| x
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|
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|-
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!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
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|
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| ɹ
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| j
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| w
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|
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|-
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|}
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  +
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velar consonants; [tɕʰ] of /tʰ/ and /kʰ/, [tɕ] of /t/ and [ɕ] of /s/ and /h/ before /i/ or /j/.
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===Vowels===
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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|+ Fuomi Vowels
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!colspan=2|
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![[Wikipedia:Front vowel|Front]]
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![[Wikipedia:Central vowel|Central]]
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![[Wikipedia:Back vowel|Back]]
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|-
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!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]]
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| i
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|
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| u
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|-
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!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Mid vowel|Mid]]
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|
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| ə
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| ɔ
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|-
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!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]]
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|
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| a
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|
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|-
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|}
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In addition there are the opening diphthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/ and the closing diphthongs /ei̯/, /ai̯/, /au̯/ and /ou̯/. Sequences of /ə/, /i/, /i̯ə/ or /ei̯/ followed by /ɹ/ are realised as [ɚ]; such sequences with all other vowels and diphthongs as [a˞].
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===Tones===
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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|+ Tones in Fuomi
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!Tone number
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!Description
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![[Wikipedia: Tone letter|Tone letter]]
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!Example word
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!IPA
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!Meaning
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|-
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| 1
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| Low
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| ˧
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| ge
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| /kə˧/
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| (prepositional marker)
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|-
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| 2
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| High
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| ˥
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| tâ'
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| /tʰaʔ˥/
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| "citadel"
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|-
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| 3
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| Low falling
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| ˨˩
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| gèun
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| /kou̯n˨˩/
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| "kill"
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|-
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| 4
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| High falling
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| ˥˩
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| kầi
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| /kʰai̯˥˩/
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| "marriage"
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|-
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| 5
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| Low rising
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| ˩˨
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| géu'
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| /kou̯ʔ˩˨/
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| "sorghum"
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|-
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| 6
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| High rising
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| ˦˥
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| Kû́'
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| /kʰuʔ˦˥/
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| (a river)
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|-
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| 7
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| Falling-rising
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| ˧˨˦
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| kěu'
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| /kʰou̯ʔ˧˨˦/
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| "asphalt"
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|}
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===Tone sandhi===
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lol, lmao
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===Phonotactics===
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The structure of the Fuomi syllable is CV(F), where V includes diphthongs and the category of final consonants F includes only /n/, /ɹ/ and /ʔ/. /w/ and /j/ do not occur in initial position before the opening diphthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/.
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==Grammar==
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==Vocabulary==
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  +
==Writing systems==
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  +
The [[Morèi script]] has been used to write the Moraisic languages since 767 CE, adsfdjkljdjk
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Fuomi can also be written in the [[Jozunian script]], for reasons . The following table shows the correspondences between Dauta Fuomi sounds and the Roman and Jozunian orthographies.
  +
  +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
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!Consonant
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!Roman
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!Jozunian
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!Vowel
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!Roman
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!Jozunian
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|-
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| m
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| m
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|
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| a
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| a
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|
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|-
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| n, [ŋ]
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| n
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|
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| ə
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| e
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|
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|-
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| pʰ
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| p
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|
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| i
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| i
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|
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|-
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| p
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| b
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|
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| ɔ
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| o
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|
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|-
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| tʰ
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| t
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|
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| u
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| u
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|
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|-
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| t
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| d
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|
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| i̯ə
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| ie, ye (word-initially)
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|
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|-
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| [tɕʰ]
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| q
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|
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| u̯ɔ
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| uo, wo (word-initially)
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|
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|-
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| [tɕ]
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| j
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|
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| ei̯
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| ei
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|
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|-
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| kʰ
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| k
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|
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| ai̯
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| ai
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|
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|-
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| k
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| g
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|
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| au̯
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| au
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|
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|-
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| ʔ
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| '
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|
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| ou̯
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| eu
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|
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|-
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| f
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| f
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|
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|-
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| s
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| s
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|
  +
|-
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| [ɕ]
  +
| x
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|
  +
|-
  +
| x
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| h
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| ɹ
  +
| r
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| j
  +
| y
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| w
  +
| w
  +
|
  +
|}
  +
  +
In addition, the following diacritics are used to mark tone:
  +
  +
(table)
  +
  +
[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Morèi]]

Latest revision as of 15:32, 9 September 2023

Fuomi
Fuómî́'
Pronunciation/fu̯ɔ˨˩miʔ˦˥/
Native toa lot
Morei
  • Moraisic
    • Feimiic
      • Fuomi
Early form
Old Fuomi
Morèi script, Jozunian script
Official status
Regulated byme

Fuomi is the most widely spoken Morèi language, spoken natively in the central states such as Kute, Dauta and Waiten, and throughout the wider region as a lingua franca. It is notable among the Morèi languages for having developed a rich contour tone system.

History

Varieties

Phonology

The following tables show the consonants, vowels and tones of Fuomi in the standardised Dauta dialect:

Consonants

Fuomi Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n [ŋ]
Stop aspirated pʰ tʰ [tɕʰ] kʰ
unaspirated p t [tɕ] k ʔ
Fricative f s [ɕ] x
Approximant ɹ j w

[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velar consonants; [tɕʰ] of /tʰ/ and /kʰ/, [tɕ] of /t/ and [ɕ] of /s/ and /h/ before /i/ or /j/.

Vowels

Fuomi Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid ə ɔ
Open a

In addition there are the opening diphthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/ and the closing diphthongs /ei̯/, /ai̯/, /au̯/ and /ou̯/. Sequences of /ə/, /i/, /i̯ə/ or /ei̯/ followed by /ɹ/ are realised as [ɚ]; such sequences with all other vowels and diphthongs as [a˞].

Tones

Tones in Fuomi
Tone number Description Tone letter Example word IPA Meaning
1 Low ˧ ge /kə˧/ (prepositional marker)
2 High ˥ tâ' /tʰaʔ˥/ "citadel"
3 Low falling ˨˩ gèun /kou̯n˨˩/ "kill"
4 High falling ˥˩ kầi /kʰai̯˥˩/ "marriage"
5 Low rising ˩˨ géu' /kou̯ʔ˩˨/ "sorghum"
6 High rising ˦˥ Kû́' /kʰuʔ˦˥/ (a river)
7 Falling-rising ˧˨˦ kěu' /kʰou̯ʔ˧˨˦/ "asphalt"

Tone sandhi

lol, lmao

Phonotactics

The structure of the Fuomi syllable is CV(F), where V includes diphthongs and the category of final consonants F includes only /n/, /ɹ/ and /ʔ/. /w/ and /j/ do not occur in initial position before the opening diphthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/.

Grammar

Vocabulary

Writing systems

The Morèi script has been used to write the Moraisic languages since 767 CE, adsfdjkljdjk

Fuomi can also be written in the Jozunian script, for reasons . The following table shows the correspondences between Dauta Fuomi sounds and the Roman and Jozunian orthographies.

Consonant Roman Jozunian Vowel Roman Jozunian
m m a a
n, [ŋ] n ə e
pʰ p i i
p b ɔ o
tʰ t u u
t d i̯ə ie, ye (word-initially)
[tɕʰ] q u̯ɔ uo, wo (word-initially)
[tɕ] j ei̯ ei
kʰ k ai̯ ai
k g au̯ au
ʔ ' ou̯ eu
f f
s s
[ɕ] x
x h
ɹ r
j y
w w

In addition, the following diacritics are used to mark tone:

(table)

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