Fuomi Language: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox#REDIRECT[[Fuomi language]]
| name = Fuomi
| nativename = Fuómî́'
| pronunciation = /fu̯ɔ˨˩miʔ˦˥/
| states = a lot
| ethnicity =
| speakers =
| date =
| speakers2 =
| familycolor = Morei
| fam2 = Moraisic
| fam3 = Feimiic
| fam4 =
| ancestor = Old Fuomi
| script = [[Morèi script]], [[Jozunian script]]
| nation =
| minority =
| agency = me
| lingua =
| map =
| mapcaption =
| map2 =
| mapcaption2 =
| glottorefname =
}}
 
'''Fuomi''' is the most widely spoken [[Morèi languages|Morèi language]], spoken natively in the central states such as [[Kû́tế|Kute]], [[Dáutâ|Dauta]] and [[Wàitên|Waiten]], and throughout the wider region as a lingua franca. It is notable among the Morèi languages for having developed a rich contour tone system.
 
==History==
 
==Varieties==
 
==Phonology==
 
The following tables show the consonants, vowels and tones of Fuomi in the standardised Dauta dialect:
 
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+ Fuomi Consonants
!colspan=2|
![[Wikipedia:Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Wikipedia:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Wikipedia:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Wikipedia:Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Wikipedia:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
!colspan=2| [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| m
| n
|
| [ŋ]
|
|-
!rowspan=2| [[Wikipedia:Stop consonant|Stop]]
! {{small|[[Wikipedia:Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]}}
| pʰ
| tʰ
| [tɕʰ]
| kʰ
|
|-
! {{small|[[Wikipedia:Aspirated consonant|unaspirated]]}}
| p
| t
| [tɕ]
| k
| ʔ
|-
!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| f
| s
| [ɕ]
| x
|
|-
!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
| ɹ
| j
| w
|
|-
|}
 
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velar consonants; [tɕʰ] of /tʰ/ and /kʰ/, [tɕ] of /t/ and [ɕ] of /s/ and /h/ before /i/ or /j/.
 
===Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Fuomi Vowels
!colspan=2|
![[Wikipedia:Front vowel|Front]]
![[Wikipedia:Central vowel|Central]]
![[Wikipedia:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]]
| i
|
| u
|-
!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Mid vowel|Mid]]
|
| ə
| ɔ
|-
!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]]
|
| a
|
|-
|}
 
In addition there are the opening diphthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/ and the closing diphthongs /ei̯/, /ai̯/, /au̯/ and /ou̯/. Sequences of /ə/, /i/, /i̯ə/ or /ei̯/ followed by /ɹ/ are realised as [ɚ]; such sequences with all other vowels and diphthongs as [a˞].
 
===Tones===
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Tones in Fuomi
!Tone number
!Description
![[Wikipedia: Tone letter|Tone letter]]
!Example word
!IPA
!Meaning
|-
| 1
| Low
| ˧
| ge
| /kə˧/
| (prepositional marker)
|-
| 2
| High
| ˥
| tâ'
| /tʰaʔ˥/
| "citadel"
|-
| 3
| Low falling
| ˨˩
| gèun
| /kou̯n˨˩/
| "kill"
|-
| 4
| High falling
| ˥˩
| kầi
| /kʰai̯˥˩/
| "marriage"
|-
| 5
| Low rising
| ˩˨
| géu'
| /kou̯ʔ˩˨/
| "sorghum"
|-
| 6
| High rising
| ˦˥
| Kû́'
| /kʰuʔ˦˥/
| (a river)
|-
| 7
| Falling-rising
| ˧˨˦
| kěu'
| /kʰou̯ʔ˧˨˦/
| "asphalt"
|}
 
===Tone sandhi===
lol, lmao
 
===Phonotactics===
 
The structure of the Fuomi syllable is CV(F), where V includes diphthongs and the category of final consonants F includes only /n/, /ɹ/ and /ʔ/. /w/ and /j/ do not occur in initial position before the opening diphthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/.
 
==Grammar==
 
==Vocabulary==
 
==Writing systems==
 
The [[Morèi script]] has been used to write the Moraisic languages since 767 CE, adsfdjkljdjk
 
Fuomi can also be written in the [[Jozunian script]], for reasons . The following table shows the correspondences between Dauta Fuomi sounds and the Roman and Jozunian orthographies.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
!Consonant
!Roman
!Jozunian
!Vowel
!Roman
!Jozunian
|-
| m
| m
|
| a
| a
|
|-
| n, [ŋ]
| n
|
| ə
| e
|
|-
| pʰ
| p
|
| i
| i
|
|-
| p
| b
|
| ɔ
| o
|
|-
| tʰ
| t
|
| u
| u
|
|-
| t
| d
|
| i̯ə
| ie, ye (word-initially)
|
|-
| [tɕʰ]
| q
|
| u̯ɔ
| uo, wo (word-initially)
|
|-
| [tɕ]
| j
|
| ei̯
| ei
|
|-
| kʰ
| k
|
| ai̯
| ai
|
|-
| k
| g
|
| au̯
| au
|
|-
| ʔ
| '
|
| ou̯
| eu
|
|-
| f
| f
|
|-
| s
| s
|
|-
| [ɕ]
| x
|
|-
| x
| h
|
|-
| ɹ
| r
|
|-
| j
| y
|
|-
| w
| w
|
|}
 
In addition, the following diacritics are used to mark tone:
 
(table)
 
[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Morèi]]

Latest revision as of 16:34, 9 September 2023

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