Tschintierst language: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
  
{{Infobox language
 
| name = Tschintierst
  
| name = Tschintierst
−
| nativename = Tschörnsirsch
 +
| nativename = {{cs|dhm|chorn-zirsh}}<br>Tschörnsirsch
 
| pronunciation = [tɕøɐ̯nziɐ̯ɕ]
  
| pronunciation = [tɕøɐ̯nziɐ̯ɕ]
 
| states = {{collapsible list
  
| states = {{collapsible list
Line 49: Line 49:
 
| fam4 =
 
| fam4 =
 
| ancestor = [[Old High Tschintierst]]
  
| ancestor = [[Old High Tschintierst]]
−
| script =
+
| script = [[Dhimze script]] ([[Tschintierst orthography|Tschintierst script]])
 
| nation = {{collapsible list
  
| nation = {{collapsible list
 
| title = 33 countries
  
| title = 33 countries
Line 88: Line 88:
 
}}
  
}}
 
| minority =
 
| minority =
−
| agency = Royal University of Tschintiessteiss
 +
| agency = Dusorson Royal University
 
| lingua =
 
| lingua =
 
| map = Tschintierst Language Spread.png
  
| map = Tschintierst Language Spread.png
Line 121: Line 121:
 
|-
  
|-
 
!colspan=2| [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
  
!colspan=2| [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
  +
| m &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|m}}
−
| m
  
  +
| n &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|n}}
−
| n
  
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 128: Line 128:
 
!rowspan=2| [[Wikipedia:Stop consonant|Stop]]
  
!rowspan=2| [[Wikipedia:Stop consonant|Stop]]
 
! {{small|[[Wikipedia:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
  
! {{small|[[Wikipedia:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
  +
| p &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|p}}
−
| p
  
  +
| t &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|t}}
−
| t
  
 
|
  
|
  +
| k &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|k}}
−
| k
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! {{small|[[Wikipedia:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
  
! {{small|[[Wikipedia:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
  +
| b &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|b}}
−
| b
  
  +
| d &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|d}}
−
| d
  
 
|
  
|
  +
| ɡ &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|g}}
−
| ɡ
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
!rowspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
  
!rowspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
 
! {{small|[[Wikipedia:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
  
! {{small|[[Wikipedia:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
  +
| f &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|f}}
−
| f
  
  +
| s &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|s}}
−
| s
  
  +
| ɕ &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|sh}}
−
| ɕ
  
  +
| x &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|c}}
−
| x
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! {{small|[[Wikipedia:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
  
! {{small|[[Wikipedia:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
  +
| v &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|v}}
−
| v
  
  +
| z &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|z}}
−
| z
  
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 154: Line 154:
 
!colspan=2| [[Wikipedia:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
  
!colspan=2| [[Wikipedia:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
 
|
 
|
−
| t͡s
 +
| t͡s &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|zh}}
−
| t͡ɕ
 +
| t͡ɕ &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|ch}}
 
|
 
|
 
|-
  
|-
Line 161: Line 161:
 
|
  
|
 
|
 
|
  +
| j &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|j}}
−
| j
  
 
|
 
|
 
|-
  
|-
 
!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
  
!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
 
|
 
|
  +
| r &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|r}}
−
| r
  
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 184: Line 184:
 
!rowspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]]
  
!rowspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]]
 
!{{small|[[Wikipedia:Vowel length|short]]}}
  
!{{small|[[Wikipedia:Vowel length|short]]}}
  +
| i &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|i}}
−
| i
  
  +
| y &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|y}}
−
| y
  
  +
| ɯ &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|i}}
−
| ɯ
  
  +
| u &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|y}}
−
| u
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
!{{small|[[Wikipedia:Vowel length|long]]}}
  
!{{small|[[Wikipedia:Vowel length|long]]}}
  +
| i: &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|í}}
−
| i:
  
  +
| y: &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|ý}}
−
| y:
  
  +
| ɯ: &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|í}}
−
| ɯ:
  
  +
| u: &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|ý}}
−
| u:
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
!rowspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Mid]]
  
!rowspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Mid]]
 
!{{small|[[Wikipedia:Vowel length|short]]}}
  
!{{small|[[Wikipedia:Vowel length|short]]}}
  +
| e &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|e}}
−
| e
  
  +
| ø &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|o}}
−
| ø
  
 
|
 
|
  +
| o &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|o}}
−
| o
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
!{{small|[[Wikipedia:Vowel length|long]]}}
  
!{{small|[[Wikipedia:Vowel length|long]]}}
  +
| e: &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|é}}
−
| e:
  
  +
| ø: &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|ó}}
−
| ø:
  
 
|
  
|
  +
| o: &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|ó}}
−
| o:
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
!rowspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]]
  
!rowspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]]
 
!{{small|[[Wikipedia:Vowel length|short]]}}
  
!{{small|[[Wikipedia:Vowel length|short]]}}
  +
| a &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|a}}
−
| a
  
 
|
  
|
  +
| ɑ &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|a}}
−
| ɑ
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
 
!{{small|[[Wikipedia:Vowel length|long]]}}
  
!{{small|[[Wikipedia:Vowel length|long]]}}
  +
| a: &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|æ}}
−
| a:
  
 
|
  
|
  +
| ɑ: &nbsp; {{cs|dhm|æ}}
−
| ɑ:
  
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
 
|}
  
|}
  +
  +
Tschintierst exhibits a system of strict front-back vowel harmony, a common feature among the Tschintieric languages, and unique among the Yasgan language family. Words and subsequent affixes can only contain matching front and back vowels, e.g. ''Tschösöneess'' “barrel” which is fully front and ''Konschupooss'' “concrete” which is fully back. Tschintierst even exhibits this feature in loanwords, such as ''Techejöws'' “machine” from [[Dhimze language|Dhimze]] ''tkheovs'' “device,” which is exceedingly rare cross-linguistically.
   
 
==Orthography==
  
==Orthography==
  +
{{main|Dhimze script}}
  +
Tschintierst is written using the Dhimze script, though with several notable differences from most other languages writing in it. The script is an alphasyllabary that makes use of 18 consonant letters, 9 vowel markers, as well as a syllable delimiter. Each vowel letter except for <e> represents both its front and back vowel counterpart, so {{cs|dhm|y}} could represent either [u] or [y]. Natively known as the {{cs|dhm|av-bech}} ''Awbetsch'', the script has a long literary tradition within Tschintiessteiss, the Gintem Confederation, and the surrounding Hithinic languages. This tradition has largely been separate from the literary traditions of Dhimrai and the Doccábhan Empire, sometimes to the extent that the variety of the Dhimze script used in Tschintierst-speaking nations is called the Tschintierst script.
  +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
|+ Vowel and consonant letters
  +
! Letter
  +
! Romanization
  +
! Name
  +
! IPA<br> transcription
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|a}}<br>(none after consonant)
  +
| ''a'' or ''å''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|a-kyn}}<br>''Akün''
  +
| [a] or [ɑ]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|æ}}
  +
| ''aa'' or ''åå''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|a-kyn-shtesh}}<br>''Akün Schtesch''
  +
| [a:] or [ɑ:]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|y}}
  +
| ''u'' or ''ü''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|y-ní}}<br>''Unyy''
  +
| [u] or [y]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|ý}}
  +
| ''uu'' or ''üü''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|y-ní-shtesh}}<br>''Unyy Schtesch''
  +
| [u:] or [y:]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|v}}
  +
| ''w''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|væ}}<br>''Waa''
  +
| [v]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|f}}
  +
| ''v''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|f-n}}<br>''Vånå''
  +
| [f]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|p}}
  +
| ''p''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|p-n}}<br>''Pånå''
  +
| [p]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|e}}
  +
| ''e''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|e-ran}}<br>''Eran''
  +
| [e]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|é}}
  +
| ''ee''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|e-ran-shtesh}}<br>''Eran schtesch''
  +
| [e:]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|s}}
  +
| ''ss''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|zu-ku}}<br>''Suku''
  +
| [s]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|t}}
  +
| ''t''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|ty-my}}<br>''Tumu''
  +
| [t]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|k}}
  +
| ''k''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|kys}}<br>''Kuss''
  +
| [k]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|ch}}
  +
| ''tsch''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|chys}}<br>''Tschuss''
  +
| [t͡ɕ]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|z}}
  +
| ''s''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|cíc}}<br>''Hiich''
  +
| [z]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|i}}
  +
| ''i'' or ''y''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|i-ní}}<br>''Inii''
  +
| [i] or [ɯ]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|í}}
  +
| ''ii'' or ''yy''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|i-ní-shtesh}}<br>''Inii schtesch''
  +
| [i:] or [ɯ:]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|j}}
  +
| ''j''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|ji}}<br>''Ji''
  +
| [j]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|r}}
  +
| ''r''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|rí-tí}}<br>''Riitii''
  +
| /ʁ/
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|o}}
  +
| ''o'' or ''ö''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|ó}}<br>''Oo''
  +
| [o] or [ø]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|ó}}
  +
| ''oo'' or ''öö''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|ó-shtesh}}<br>''Oo schtesch''
  +
| [o:] or [ø:]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|m}}
  +
| ''m''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|mí}}<br>''Mii''
  +
| [m]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|g}}
  +
| ''g''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|gí-mí}}<br>''Giimii''
  +
| [g]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|n}}
  +
| ''n''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|n-ní}}<br>''Nånyy''
  +
| [n]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|d}}
  +
| ''d''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|dí-m}}<br>''Diima''
  +
| [d]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|b}}
  +
| ''b''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|b-rí}}<br>''Båryy''
  +
| [b]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|sh}}
  +
| ''sch''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|shy-ví}}<br>''Schuwyy''
  +
| [ɕ]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|c}}
  +
| ''h'' or ''ch''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|cic}}<br>''Hich''
  +
| [x]
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|zh}}
  +
| ''z''
  +
| {{cs|dhm|zhy-ky}}<br>''Zuku''
  +
| [t͡s]
  +
|}
  +
  +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
|+ Punctuation
  +
! Letter
  +
! Name
  +
! Function
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|a}}
  +
| ?
  +
| Denotes a null consonant
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|-}}
  +
| {{cs|dhm|vysh-gen}}<br>''Wüschgen''
  +
| Syllable delimiter
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|.}}
  +
| ?
  +
| Full stop
  +
|-
  +
! {{cs|dhm|!}}
  +
| ?
  +
| Emphasis marker
  +
|}
   
 
==Grammar==
  
==Grammar==
Line 229: Line 403:
 
==Vocabulary and comparison to other Tschintieric languages==
  
==Vocabulary and comparison to other Tschintieric languages==
   
−
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Yasgan languages]]
 +
[[Category:Gintem Confederation]][[Category:Küüztschüüsches]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Tschintiessteiss]][[Category:Yasgan languages]]

Latest revision as of 10:21, 31 October 2024

Tschintierst
chorn-zirsh
Tschörnsirsch
Pronunciation[tɕøɐ̯nziɐ̯ɕ]
Native to
33 countries
EthnicityGintems
Native speakers
X
Yasgan
Early form
Dhimze script (Tschintierst script)
Official status
Official language in
33 countries
Regulated byDusorson Royal University
Areas where Tschintierst is the majority language (medium blue) or a minority language (light blue)

Tschintierst (Tschörnsirsch, pronounced [tɕøɐ̯nziɐ̯ɕ]) is a Tschintieric language mainly spoken in the Gintem Confederation. It is an official language in every Gintem country, as well as their overseas colonies. Traditionally Tschintierst is considered to be a single language within it's own branch of Tschintieric, however there are many Tschintieric "dialects" spoken throughout the Gintem Confederation. Tschintierst is also similar to Vrishtic, Soderic, and Rirscheic; which are part of the Hithinic languages. Tschintierst is the most widely spoken Tschintieric language.

Classification

Standard Tschintierst

History

Geographical distribution

Dialects

Phonology

Tschintierst has 18 distinct consonant phonemes and 18 distinct vowel phonemes, and the vowel phonemes can be grouped as pairs of short and long vowels.

Consonants

Consonant phonemes in Tschintierst
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m   m n   n
Stop voiceless p   p t   t k   k
voiced b   b d   d ɡ   g
Fricative voiceless f   f s   s ɕ   sh x   c
voiced v   v z   z
Affricate t͡s   zh t͡ɕ   ch
Approximant j   j
Rhotic r   r

Notes:

  • /r/ has a variety of realizations depending on the dialect, and is not limited to being an alveolar trill.

Vowels

Vowel phonemes in Tschintierst
  Front Back
Close short i   i y   y ɯ   i u   y
long i:   í y:   ý ɯ:   í u:   ý
Mid short e   e ø   o o   o
long e:   é ø:   ó o:   ó
Open short a   a ɑ   a
long a:   æ ɑ:   æ

Tschintierst exhibits a system of strict front-back vowel harmony, a common feature among the Tschintieric languages, and unique among the Yasgan language family. Words and subsequent affixes can only contain matching front and back vowels, e.g. Tschösöneess “barrel” which is fully front and Konschupooss “concrete” which is fully back. Tschintierst even exhibits this feature in loanwords, such as Techejöws “machine” from Dhimze tkheovs “device,” which is exceedingly rare cross-linguistically.

Orthography

Main article: Dhimze script

Tschintierst is written using the Dhimze script, though with several notable differences from most other languages writing in it. The script is an alphasyllabary that makes use of 18 consonant letters, 9 vowel markers, as well as a syllable delimiter. Each vowel letter except for <e> represents both its front and back vowel counterpart, so y could represent either [u] or [y]. Natively known as the av-bech Awbetsch, the script has a long literary tradition within Tschintiessteiss, the Gintem Confederation, and the surrounding Hithinic languages. This tradition has largely been separate from the literary traditions of Dhimrai and the Doccábhan Empire, sometimes to the extent that the variety of the Dhimze script used in Tschintierst-speaking nations is called the Tschintierst script.

Vowel and consonant letters
Letter Romanization Name IPA
transcription
a
(none after consonant) 		a or å a-kyn
Akün 		[a] or [ɑ]
æ aa or åå a-kyn-shtesh
Akün Schtesch 		[a:] or [ɑ:]
y u or ü y-ní
Unyy 		[u] or [y]
ý uu or üü y-ní-shtesh
Unyy Schtesch 		[u:] or [y:]
v w væ
Waa 		[v]
f v f-n
Vånå 		[f]
p p p-n
Pånå 		[p]
e e e-ran
Eran 		[e]
é ee e-ran-shtesh
Eran schtesch 		[e:]
s ss zu-ku
Suku 		[s]
t t ty-my
Tumu 		[t]
k k kys
Kuss 		[k]
ch tsch chys
Tschuss 		[t͡ɕ]
z s cíc
Hiich 		[z]
i i or y i-ní
Inii 		[i] or [ɯ]
í ii or yy i-ní-shtesh
Inii schtesch 		[i:] or [ɯ:]
j j ji
Ji 		[j]
r r rí-tí
Riitii 		/ʁ/
o o or ö ó
Oo 		[o] or [ø]
ó oo or öö ó-shtesh
Oo schtesch 		[o:] or [ø:]
m m mí
Mii 		[m]
g g gí-mí
Giimii 		[g]
n n n-ní
Nånyy 		[n]
d d dí-m
Diima 		[d]
b b b-rí
Båryy 		[b]
sh sch shy-ví
Schuwyy 		[ɕ]
c h or ch cic
Hich 		[x]
zh z zhy-ky
Zuku 		[t͡s]
Punctuation
Letter Name Function
a ? Denotes a null consonant
- vysh-gen
Wüschgen 		Syllable delimiter
. ? Full stop
! ? Emphasis marker

Grammar

Vocabulary and comparison to other Tschintieric languages

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