Kagatoni language: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "{{Infobox language | name = Kagatoni | nativename = ''kagaṭonye zyna'' | pronunciation = [kagatʼoɲe ʑna] | states = Central Etzavazi Republic {{small|(Kagatonah)}} | ethnicity = Kagatoni people | speakers = ~38 million | date = 4623 | speakers2 = | familycolor = Crinat | fam2 = Central | fam3 = Norcal | fam4 = | ancestor = Old Kagatoni | an...")
 
 
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| map = CER languages.png
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| mapcaption = Areas where Kagatoni is the majority language (medium blue) or a minority language (light blue)
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| mapcaption = Languages of the Central Etzavazi Republic (areas where Kagatoni is the majority in red)
 
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==Phonology==
  
==Phonology==
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===Kagatoni===
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===Consonants===
 
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
  
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
 
|+Consonant phonemes in Kagatoni
  
|+Consonant phonemes in Kagatoni
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!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Trill consonant|Trill]]
  
!colspan=2|[[Wikipedia:Trill consonant|Trill]]
 
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|r
 
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===Nouns===
  
===Nouns===
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====Case====
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Kagatoni nouns decline five grammatical cases: absolutive, oblique, genitive, ergative and instrumental. There
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Kagatoni nouns decline five grammatical cases: absolutive, oblique, genitive, ergative and instrumental.
   
 
{| style="text-align: center" class="wikitable"
  
{| style="text-align: center" class="wikitable"
 
|+ Examples
  
|+ Examples
 
! rowspan="2" |
  
! rowspan="2" |
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! colspan="2" | -p, -k
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! colspan="2" | Final -p, -k
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! colspan="2" | -t
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! colspan="2" | Final -t
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! colspan="2" | -V (truncating)
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! colspan="2" | Vowel final (truncating)
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! colspan="2" | -V (non-truncating)
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! colspan="2" | Vowel final (non-truncating)
 
|-
  
|-
 
! Suffix
  
! Suffix
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| ''imbuk''
  
| ''imbuk''
 
| ''-∅''
  
| ''-∅''
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| ''quhlit'
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| ''quhlit''
 
| ''-∅''
  
| ''-∅''
 
| ''laṭka''
  
| ''laṭka''
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| ''-qa''
  
| ''-qa''
 
| ''ṭo-'''qa'''''
  
| ''ṭo-'''qa'''''
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|}
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  +
====Number====
  +
Kagatoni distinguishes between singular and plural number. The plural is marked with the prefix ''(i)n-''.
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  +
{| style="text-align: center" class="wikitable"
  +
|+ Examples
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! rowspan="2" |
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! colspan="2" | Vowel initial
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! colspan="2" | Voiceless stop initial
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! colspan="2" | Initial m-
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! colspan="2" | Other consonants
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|-
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! Prefix
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! Example:<br/>''osa'' ("bull")
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! Prefix
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! Example:<br/>''ṭan'' ("woman")
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! Prefix
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! Example:<br/>''miqna'' ("month")
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! Prefix
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! Example:<br/>''halga'' ("metal")
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|-
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! Plural
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| ''n-''
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| '''''n'''-osa''
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| ''n-''
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| '''''n'''-ṭan''
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| ''im-''
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| '''''im'''-miqna''
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| ''in-''
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| '''''in'''-halga
 
|}
  
|}
   
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====Questions====
  
====Questions====
   
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[[Category:Languages]]
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[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Verethia]]

Latest revision as of 05:16, 9 November 2025

Kagatoni
kagaṭonye zyna
Pronunciation[kagatʼoɲe ʑna]
Native toCentral Etzavazi Republic (Kagatonah)
EthnicityKagatoni people
Native speakers
~38 million (4623)
Crinat
  • Central
    • Norcal
      • Kagatoni
Early form
Old Kagatoni
Verethian script
Official status
Official language in
 Central Etzavazi Republic (Kagatonah)
Languages of the Central Etzavazi Republic (areas where Kagatoni is the majority in red)

Kagatoni (kagaṭonye zyna [kagatʼoɲe ʑna]) is a Ćrinat language spoken in the Central Etzavazi Republic. As the national language of Kagatonah, it is one of three co-official languages of the Central Etzavazi Republic, alongside Talozhi and Mesvadi. Its closest relatives are Bachỹty and Socal.

History

Geographic distribution

Current status

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes in Kagatoni
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ (ŋ) (ɴ)
Stop Plain p t k q
Ejective tʼ kʼ qʼ
Affricate Plain t͡ɕ
Ejective t͡ɕʼ
Fricative v s ɕ ʑ ç ʝ h
Approximant ʋ l j
Trill r

Vowels

Vowel phonemes in Kagatoni
  Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid [e] [ə] [o]
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open [æ] a [ɑ]

Kagatoni also has two diphthongs: /ɛi̯/ and /ɔu̯/.

Writing system

Grammar

Typical of Ćrinat languages, Kagatoni is an agglutinative language that relies heavily on affixation. It has a split-ergative morphosyntactic alignment, where nouns can exhibit ergative-absolutive or absolutive-oblique alignment depending on the sentence.

Verbs

Nouns

Case

Kagatoni nouns decline five grammatical cases: absolutive, oblique, genitive, ergative and instrumental.

Examples
Final -p, -k Final -t Vowel final (truncating) Vowel final (non-truncating)
Suffix Example:
imbuk ("dog") 		Suffix Example:
quhlit ("bow") 		Suffix Example:
laṭka ("green (n.)") 		Suffix Example:
ṭo ("swamp")
Absolutive -∅ imbuk -∅ quhlit -∅ laṭka -∅ ṭo
Oblique -e imbuk-e -ʲe quhli-tye =e laṭk-e -ye ṭo-ye
Genitive -da imbun-da -ta quhlit-ta -da laṭka-da -da ṭo-da
Ergative -ka imbuk-ka -ka quhlit-ka -ka laṭka-ka -ka ṭo-ka
Instrumental -qa imbuh-qa -qa quhlit-qa -q laṭka-q -qa ṭo-qa

Number

Kagatoni distinguishes between singular and plural number. The plural is marked with the prefix (i)n-.

Examples
Vowel initial Voiceless stop initial Initial m- Other consonants
Prefix Example:
osa ("bull") 		Prefix Example:
ṭan ("woman") 		Prefix Example:
miqna ("month") 		Prefix Example:
halga ("metal")
Plural n- n-osa n- n-ṭan im- im-miqna in- in-halga

Syntax

Word order

Word order in Kagatoni follows a Verb-Subject-Object (VSO) order. For example, the sentence "I read a book" can be expressed as follows:

Qola

read

nei

1S.ABS

ihe

book-OBL

Qola nei ihe

read 1S.ABS book-OBL

Questions

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