Fuómî́ language: Difference between revisions
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| + | In addition there are the ascending dipthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/ and the descending dipthongs /ei̯/, /ai̯/, /au̯/ and /ou̯/. Sequences of /ə/, /i/, /i̯ə/ or /ei̯/ followed by /ɹ/ are realised as [ɚ]; such sequences with all other vowels and dipthongs as [a˞]. |
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| + | ===Tones=== |
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| + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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| + | |+ Tones in Fuómî́ |
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| + | !Tone number |
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| + | !Description |
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| + | !Tone letter |
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| + | !Example word |
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| + | !IPA |
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| + | !Meaning |
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| + | |- |
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| + | | 1 |
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| + | | Low |
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| + | | ˧ |
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| + | | ge |
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| + | | /kə˧/ |
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| + | | (prepositional marker) |
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| + | |- |
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| + | | 2 |
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| + | | High |
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| + | | ˥ |
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| + | | tâ' |
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| + | | /tʰaʔ˥/ |
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| + | | "citadel" |
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| + | |- |
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| + | | 3 |
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| + | | Low falling |
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| + | | ˨˩ |
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| + | | gèun |
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| + | | /kou̯n˨˩/ |
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| + | | "kill" |
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| + | |- |
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| + | | 4 |
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| + | | High falling |
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| + | | ˥˩ |
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| + | | kầi |
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| + | | /kʰai̯˥˩/ |
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| + | | "marriage" |
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| + | |- |
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| + | | 5 |
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| + | | Low rising |
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| + | | ˩˨ |
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| + | | géu' |
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| + | | /kou̯ʔ˩˨/ |
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| + | | "sorghum" |
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| + | |- |
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| + | | 6 |
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| + | | High rising |
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| + | | ˦˥ |
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| + | | Kû́' |
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| + | | /kʰuʔ˦˥/ |
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| + | | (a river) |
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| + | |- |
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| + | | 7 |
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| + | | Falling-rising |
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| + | | ˧˨˦ |
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| + | | kěu' |
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| + | | /kʰou̯ʔ˧˨˦/ |
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| + | | "asphalt" |
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| + | |} |
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| + | |||
| + | ===Tone sandhi=== |
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| + | lol, lmao |
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| + | |||
| + | ===Phonotactics=== |
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| + | |||
| + | The structure of the Fuómî́ syllable is CV(F), where V includes dipthongs and the category of final consonants F includes only /n/, /ɹ/ and /ʔ/. /w/ and /j/ do not occur in initial position before the ascending dipthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/ |
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==Grammar== |
==Grammar== |
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Revision as of 18:56, 27 July 2022
| Fuómî́ | |
|---|---|
| Fuómî́' | |
| Pronunciation | /fwɔ˨˩mi(ʔ)˦˥/ |
| Native to | a lot |
Morèi
| |
Early form | Old Fuómî́
|
| Morèi script, Jozunian script | |
| Official status | |
| Regulated by | me |
Fuómî́ is the most widely spoken Morèi language, spoken natively in the central states such as Kû́tế, Dáutâ and Wàitên, and throughout the wider region as a lingua franca. It is notable among the Morèi languages for having developed a rich tonal system.
History
Varieties
Phonology
The following tables show the consonants, vowels and tones of Fuómî́ in the standardised Dáutâ dialect:
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | [ŋ] | |||
| Stop | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | [tɕʰ] | kʰ | |
| unaspirated | p | t | [tɕ] | k | ʔ | |
| Fricative | f | s | [ɕ] | x | ||
| Approximant | ɹ | j | w | |||
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velar consonants; [tɕʰ] of /tʰ/ and /kʰ/, [tɕ] of /t/ and [ɕ] of /s/ and /h/ before /i/ or /j/.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | ||
| Mid | ə | ɔ | ||
| Open | a | |||
In addition there are the ascending dipthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/ and the descending dipthongs /ei̯/, /ai̯/, /au̯/ and /ou̯/. Sequences of /ə/, /i/, /i̯ə/ or /ei̯/ followed by /ɹ/ are realised as [ɚ]; such sequences with all other vowels and dipthongs as [a˞].
Tones
| Tone number | Description | Tone letter | Example word | IPA | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Low | ˧ | ge | /kə˧/ | (prepositional marker) |
| 2 | High | ˥ | tâ' | /tʰaʔ˥/ | "citadel" |
| 3 | Low falling | ˨˩ | gèun | /kou̯n˨˩/ | "kill" |
| 4 | High falling | ˥˩ | kầi | /kʰai̯˥˩/ | "marriage" |
| 5 | Low rising | ˩˨ | géu' | /kou̯ʔ˩˨/ | "sorghum" |
| 6 | High rising | ˦˥ | Kû́' | /kʰuʔ˦˥/ | (a river) |
| 7 | Falling-rising | ˧˨˦ | kěu' | /kʰou̯ʔ˧˨˦/ | "asphalt" |
Tone sandhi
lol, lmao
Phonotactics
The structure of the Fuómî́ syllable is CV(F), where V includes dipthongs and the category of final consonants F includes only /n/, /ɹ/ and /ʔ/. /w/ and /j/ do not occur in initial position before the ascending dipthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/