Dzuma language: Difference between revisions
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| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
! rowspan="2" |Labial |
! rowspan="2" |Labial |
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! rowspan="2" |Alveolar |
! rowspan="2" |Alveolar |
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| − | ! rowspan="2" |Postalveolar |
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! rowspan="2" |Palatal |
! rowspan="2" |Palatal |
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! colspan="2" |Velar |
! colspan="2" |Velar |
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| Line 44: | Line 43: | ||
! colspan="3" |Nasal |
! colspan="3" |Nasal |
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|m |
|m |
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| − | | |
+ | |n |
| − | | |
+ | |ɲ |
| − | | |
+ | |ŋ |
| ⚫ | |||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
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| Line 53: | Line 51: | ||
! rowspan="2" |<small>normal</small> |
! rowspan="2" |<small>normal</small> |
||
!<small>voiceless</small> |
!<small>voiceless</small> |
||
| − | | |
+ | |p |
| − | | |
+ | |t |
| − | | |
+ | |c |
| − | | |
+ | |k |
| + | |k͡p |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
||
!<small>voiced</small> |
!<small>voiced</small> |
||
| − | | |
+ | |b |
| − | | |
+ | |d |
| − | | |
+ | |ɟ |
| − | | |
+ | |g |
| + | |ɡ͡b |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small> |
! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small> |
||
!<small>voiceless</small> |
!<small>voiceless</small> |
||
| + | |ᵐp |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ⁿt |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ᶮc |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ᵑk |
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| − | | |
||
| + | |ᵑk͡p |
||
| − | | |
||
| − | | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!<small>voiced</small> |
!<small>voiced</small> |
||
| + | |ᵐb |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ⁿd |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ᶮɟ |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ᵑg |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ᵑɡ͡b |
||
| − | | |
||
| − | | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="4" |Fricative |
! rowspan="4" |Fricative |
||
! rowspan="2" |<small>normal</small> |
! rowspan="2" |<small>normal</small> |
||
!<small>voiceless</small> |
!<small>voiceless</small> |
||
| − | | |
+ | |f |
| − | | |
+ | |s |
| − | | |
+ | |ç |
| − | | |
+ | |x |
| − | | |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!<small>voiced</small> |
!<small>voiced</small> |
||
| + | |β |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| |
| |
||
| − | | |
+ | |ɣ |
| − | | |
||
| − | | |
||
| − | | |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small> |
! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small> |
||
!<small>voiceless</small> |
!<small>voiceless</small> |
||
| + | |ᶬf |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ⁿs |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ᶮç |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ᵑx |
||
| − | | |
||
| − | | |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!<small>voiced</small> |
!<small>voiced</small> |
||
| + | |ᶬv |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ⁿz |
||
| − | | |
||
| − | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
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| Line 124: | Line 114: | ||
!<small>voiceless</small> |
!<small>voiceless</small> |
||
| |
| |
||
| + | |t͡s |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ᶮcç |
||
| − | | |
||
| − | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
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| Line 132: | Line 121: | ||
!<small>voiced</small> |
!<small>voiced</small> |
||
| |
| |
||
| + | |d͡z |
||
| − | | |
||
| + | |ᶮɟʝ |
||
| − | | |
||
| − | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
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| Line 141: | Line 129: | ||
!<small>voiceless</small> |
!<small>voiceless</small> |
||
| |
| |
||
| + | |ⁿt͡s |
||
| − | | |
||
| − | | |
||
| |
| |
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| |
| |
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| Line 149: | Line 136: | ||
!<small>voiced</small> |
!<small>voiced</small> |
||
| |
| |
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| + | |ⁿd͡z |
||
| − | | |
||
| − | | |
||
| |
| |
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| |
| |
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| Line 156: | Line 142: | ||
|- |
|- |
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! colspan="3" |Approximant |
! colspan="3" |Approximant |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| + | !<small>voiceless</small> |
||
| |
| |
||
| + | |ɬ |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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| + | !<small>voiced</small> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| − | fricative |
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| − | | |
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| − | | |
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| |
| |
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| + | |ɮ |
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| |
| |
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| Line 174: | Line 165: | ||
! colspan="3" |Tap |
! colspan="3" |Tap |
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| |
| |
||
| − | | |
+ | |ɾ |
| − | | |
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| |
| |
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| |
| |
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Revision as of 21:32, 13 August 2022
| Dzuma | |
|---|---|
| Dzùmáá | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈd͡zùmáá] |
| Native to | Bomakwodor Afa |
| Ethnicity | Dzuma |
Native speakers | xxx xxx |
| Dialects |
|
| xxx | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Bomakwodor |
Dzuma (Dzùmáá [ˈd͡zùmá]) is a language isolate native to the Dzuma people of southern Nkungu, and the official language of Bomakwodor. The language is also spoken by Dzuma minorities in southern Afa.
History
Varieties
Current status and importance
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | labial | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | normal | voiceless | p | t | c | k | k͡p |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | g | ɡ͡b | ||
| prenasalized | voiceless | ᵐp | ⁿt | ᶮc | ᵑk | ᵑk͡p | |
| voiced | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮɟ | ᵑg | ᵑɡ͡b | ||
| Fricative | normal | voiceless | f | s | ç | x | |
| voiced | β | z | ɣ | ||||
| prenasalized | voiceless | ᶬf | ⁿs | ᶮç | ᵑx | ||
| voiced | ᶬv | ⁿz | |||||
| Affricate | normal | voiceless | t͡s | ᶮcç | |||
| voiced | d͡z | ᶮɟʝ | |||||
| prenasalized | voiceless | ⁿt͡s | |||||
| voiced | ⁿd͡z | ||||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||||
| Lateral fricative | voiceless | ɬ | |||||
| voiced | ɮ | ||||||
| Tap | ɾ | ||||||